Process of casting.



A PATENTE D DEC. 29,1903.

@NBf 748,061.

' H. E. FRANKLIN.

Pmosss or CASTING.

APPLICATION FILE]? JUNE 9. 1902.

NO woman.

9 4 my o 0 E 5 4 F a my Y w F linemen drains Patented December 29',1903.

PATENT urine.

PROCESS OF CASTING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 748,061, dated December29, 1903.

Original application filed September 20, 1901, Serial No. 75,918.Divided and this application filed June 9, 1902. Serial No. 110,910. (Nospecimens.)

the removal of the air from the mold.

In describing this invention reference is had to the accompanyingdrawingain which like letters refer to corresponding parts in all theviews, said drawings showing apparatus suitable for carrying out myprocess and forming the subject-matter ofmy pending application forUnited States Letters Patent No. 702,194, dated June 10, 1902, thepresent application being divisional of that for said patent.

Figure l is a sectional view, partly in elevation, of a preferredapparatus for practic ing this invention. Fig. 2 is an inverted planview of one of the sections of the mold seen in Fig. 1. Figs. 3, 4c, 5and 6 are views of detached molds for carrying out my process.

In the casting of type and other articles of metalin metal molds it iswell known that the air in the molds and the air and other gasesintroduced with the metal to be cast are not expelled from the molds,but become more or less mixed with said metal, causing blow-holes.Especially is this true when the metal is introduced quickly and underpressure. The specific gravity of a given bulk of type or metal cast inthis manner is less than the specific gravity of an equal bulk of thesolid metal. The air may be compressed and diiiused through the metal sofinely that the bubbles or blow-holes are not perceptible except under amagnifyingglass, or the bubbles may be less numerous, and consequentlylarger. In either case the strength of the casting is less than if itwere solid and of natural specific gravity. Fun

, thermore, the air in the mold increases the difficulty of the castingoperation by preventing the easy and satisfactory entrance of the metalto all parts of the mold. If the metal is introduced rapidly, as isusual when pressure is employed, it is apparent that in order to removethe air from the mold by displace ment there must be free outlet. -Whenthis outlet is suificiently large to permit a free displacement of theair, the metal will also enter the outlet, or, in other words, willescape from the mold. Aside from the annoyance incidental to the'escapeof the metal a projection or rough place is left to be finished. In thecase of type this method of casting would be impracticable, and incasting articles of varied shapes and sizes it would be difficult to solocate an outlet as to permit the full removal or displacement of theair.

By my invention I supply to the mold the material to be cast. Separatecontiguous surfaces of the parts or sections of the mold hold saidsurfaces apart during the introduction of the material to be cast, andthus readily,

and freely remove or displace the air and other gases from substantiallyall parts of the mold through a narrow space at the parting or openinglines of the mold, said space being too narrow to permit the escape ofthe metal. The amount of separation of the contiguous surfaces of theparts or sections of the mold is dependent upon the size and shape ofthe casting, the amount of pressure applied, and the speed ofintroduction of the material to be cast. In many cases a separation ofthreconethousaudths of an inch is sufficient. If extreme pressure isused for forcing the metal into the mold, a less separation of thecontiguous surfaces of the sections of the mold will be snfiiciept. Theready displacement of the air is .due to the fact that it is free toescape from substantiallyall portions of the parting or opening lines ofthe mold and is not required to pass from some particular part of themold, as an end or side or a portion thereof.

In order that my process may be clearly un derstood, I will now brieflydescribe the illustrated apparatus for carrying out the same.

in Fig. 1, A is a source of supply for the material to be cast. 8 is achamber communicating with said source of supply. 0 is adischarge-nozzle leading from the chamber B. D is a plunger for forcingthe material to be cast from the chamber B through the discha ge-nozzleC. E is a sectional mold, and F G are opposite supports for the parts orsections of the mold. The source of supply A is heated by any desirablemenus, is partly filled with the material to be east, and depends from aplate a, from which the chamber l3 also depends within said source ofsupply. The discharge -nozzle 0 projects upwardly from said plate a. Theplunger-D is operated by a heDdJeVerd, and the sectional mold E iscomposed of opposite parts or sectionse e, which are arranged betweencontiguous surfaces of the supports F G, are respectively secured tothese supports by dowel-pins e, and nrerigidly held in position withcontig uons surfaces e thereof slightly separated. The amount ofseparation of the surfaces e may be determined by feet or projectionse", of small height, extending from portions of one section, as thecorners thereof, and engaging the contiguous surfaces of the othersection. The support F is pivoted to the plate a and is provided with astandard f for guiding the support G, and a lever g is connected to thesupport G for moving the same toward and away from the portion of the sn)1 port F upon which the part or section eof the mold E lSlllOilElIBd.The lever g is pivoted to the standardf, and one end thereoi'isconnccted by a lining to the support G, and its other end is actuated bya link {1 pivotedtto said lever and to the plate a. When the lever 9 isin its operative position, the pivots for connecting the leverg and thelinlr g and for connecting said parts to the standard f and the supportG are in alinemen t in order that the support G may be rigidly held fromdisplacement during the entrance of the metal to be cast.

My invention is not limited to any portion lnr construction of mold, andconsequently I have shown a number of additional different molds lfi" itE 1 1"", all at which, as will be obvious to those skilled in theart,are provided with parts or sections contiguous surfaces of which aresepareted during the entrance of the metal to he oust.

Incm'ryiin10utmy process by the uppn-rstns shown in Fig. l the support Fis moved to its operative position, whereupon the link 1 aciunlcs thelever g and the link 9' to move the support G into its operativeposition for holdiin, the section 6' of the mold E in position, withcontiguous surfaces of the sections 1: c slightly separated. The metalis then forced intothe mold, and during its entrance the air is readilyremoved by displacement from the mold between the contiguous surfaces ofthe sections thereof, and owing to the minute separation of saidsurfaces of the sections 9 e substantially no metal escapes between thesections. After the entrance of the metal within the mold the support Fis rocked on its pivot to move the mold away from the discharge-nozzle,and during this movement of the support F the support G and the section6' are moved away from the sec tion e,thus separating the sections ofthe mold for permitting the removal of the cast article.

lily process willpow be readily understood upon reference to theforegoing description and the accompanying drawings.

Having, thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new,anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The herein-described process of casting with asectional mold, thesame consisting in supplying to the, mold the material to be cast zindin removing the airfrom the mold through a narrow space formed byseparating contiguous surfaces of sections of the mold during theentrance of the material to be cast, said space being too narrow topermit the es-\ cape of the material to be cast, substantially as andfor the purpose specified.

2. The herein-described process of casting with a sectional mold, thesame consisting in supplying to the mold the material to be cast and inremoving the airfrom the mold through a narrow splice formed atsubstantially all portions of the parting or opening lines of the moldby separating contiguous surfaces of sections of the mold during theentrance of the material to be cast, said space being sufficientlynnrrow to prevent any substantial escape of the material to be cast,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name, in the presence oftwo intesting witnesses, at Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, in theState of New York, this 7th day of June, 1902. V

HERBERT ll. FRANKLIN.

Witnesses:

S. DAVIS, F. G. BODELL.

